Molecular hydrogen suppresses reactive astrogliosis related to oxidative injury during spinal cord injury in rats
by Xue-Jun Sun, Fang-Ting Liu, Hong-Bun Yuan, Jian Li, Sheng-Ming Xu, Xiang-Nan Li, Zheng-Hua Xiang
Abstract:
Aims: Spinal cord injury (SCI) can induce excessive astrocyte activation. Hydrogen has been deemed as a novel antioxidant. We investigated whether molecular hydrogen could act as an antiastrogliosis agent during SCI and oxidative injury in experimental rats and cultured astrocytes. Methods: Hydrogen-rich saline (HS, 8 mL/kg, i.p.) was injected every 12 h after SCI in rats. The expression of STAT3, p-STAT3, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); the release of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α; and astrogliosis, along with the BBB score, were evaluated. Culturing astrocytes with hydrogen-rich medium, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), astrogliosis, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed after H2O2-induced injury. Results: In the HS group, the expression of STAT3, p-STAT3, and GFAP and the pro-inflammatory cytokines were decreased in local spinal cord on postoperation day (POD) 3; on PODs 7 and 14, reactive astrogliosis was suppressed, and the locomotor function was also improved. Furthermore, hydrogen-rich medium attenuated the intracellular production of ROS (especially HO•), astrogliosis, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in astrocytes 12 h after H2O2-induced injury. Conclusions: Molecular hydrogen could suppress reactive astrogliosis after contusive SCI and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by active astrocytes related to oxidative injury. Thus, molecular hydrogen is potential to be a neuroprotective agent.
Read more:
https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.12258
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